Grateloupia livida

Thallus simple or repeatedly branched at lower portion, on cylindric stalk with wedgeshaped base, cartilaginous, 10–30 cm high, 1–2 cm broad. Margins entire or with proliferous bladelets at low portion of the thallus. In cross section, outer сortex composed of dichotomously branched filaments (4–7 rows of small, roundish to oval cells, 4.5–18×3–7 mm); inner cortex composed of irregular and stellate cells; medulla – of colorless periclinal cellular filaments and stellate cells. Tetrasporangia oval, cruciately divided, 30–45×18–22.5 mm, scattered in outer cortex. Cystocarps subspherical, to 300 mm diam. Attachment by discoid holdfast. Growing on rocks in the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones.

Africa, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam.